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Documentary payment relations
Švejda, Jan ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Křenková, Eva (referee)
Payment relations are an important part of international commerce and their constant evolution is vital. Digitalization in this regard has the potential to fundamentally change the payment relations by increasing its efficiency. This in result would mean a reduction of costs related to payment operations. This thesis considers if electronic payment methods, above all Bank Payment Obligation, will substitute traditional documentary instruments like letter of credit or bank guarantee. The thesis found certain barriers to the full utilization of digitalization of payment operations and the main conclusion is, that in the European Union and the Czech Republic traditional instruments will not be replaced in the near future.
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Bank security instruments in international trade
Lachová, Denisa ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Nejedlý, Michal (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to introduce the main bank security instruments which are used in international trade. The first chapter is devoted to a fundamental overview of bank co-acceptance of bill, documentary letter of credit, bank payment obligation and bank guarantee. The second and the third chapters compose the core of the thesis. They are dedicated to two traditional bank security instruments, specifically; the documentary letter of credit and the bank guarantee. These two chapters describe the main characteristics of these instruments, the obligations of the parties, and, finally, the advantages and the disadvantages which arise from these instruments for the involved parties.
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Methods of securing export credit risks
Auramenka, Darya ; Tlapa, Martin (advisor) ; Krčál, Adam (referee)
My work deals with ways of securing export credit risks in international trade. Firstly, I characterize the risks faced by exporters in the provision of loans to customers in international trade. Then I will acquaint the reader with the basic instruments to protect against these risks. The next chapter is in detail devoted to documentary letter of credit as a securing instrument. Firstly the letter of credit is defined, than I explain its essence, describe the different types of L/C and relations between the parties. At the end of this chapter you will find recommendations for exporters, emphasizing the most important rules, which seller should adhere in order to conduct a successful foreign business operation. The last part of this work will focus on the development of electronic letter of credit and its latest form - Bank Payment Obligation.
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